Hanford Nuclear Bomb SiteTriumph and Disaster

Several years ago, a popular country song spoke of â€Å"making the best out of a bad situation,† which is pretty much what people near the Hanford nuclear bomb factory  have been doing since World War II. In 1943, about 1,200 people lived along the Columbia River in the southeastern Washington state farming towns of Richland, White Bluffs, and Hanford. Today, this Tri-Cities area is home to over 120,000 people, most of whom would probably live, work, and spend money somewhere else were it not for what the federal government allowed to accumulated at the 560 square mile Hanford Site from 1943 to 1991, including: 56 million gallons of highly radioactive nuclear waste stored in 177 underground tanks, of which at least 68 leak;2,300 tons of spent nuclear fuel sitting in -- but sometimes leaking from -- two surface pools only a few hundred feet from the Columbia River;120 square miles of contaminated ground water; and25 tons of deadly plutonium that must be disposed of and kept under constant armed guard. And all of that remains at the Hanford Site today, despite the efforts of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to undertake the most intensive environmental cleanup project in history. Brief Hanford  History Around Christmas of 1942, far from sleepy Hanford, World War II was grinding on. Enrico Fermi and his team completed the world’s first nuclear chain reaction, and the decision was made to build the atomic bomb as a weapon to end the war with Japan. The top-secret effort took the name, â€Å"Manhattan Project.† In January of 1943, the Manhattan Project got under way at Hanford, Oak Ridge in Tennessee, and Los Alamos, New Mexico. Hanford was chosen as the site where they would make plutonium, a deadly byproduct of the nuclear reaction process and main ingredient of the atomic bomb. Just 13 months later, Hanford’s first reactor went online.  And the end of World War II would soon follow. But, that was far from the end for the Hanford Site, thanks to the Cold War. Hanford Fights the Cold War The years following the end of World War II saw a deterioration of relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. In 1949, the Soviets tested their first atomic bomb and the nuclear arms race -- the Cold War -- began. Instead of decommissioning the existing one, eight new reactors were built at Hanford. From 1956 to 1963, Hanford’s production of plutonium reached its peak. Things got scary. Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev, in a 1959 visit, told the American people, â€Å"your grandchildren will live under communism.† When Russian missiles appeared in Cuba in 1962, and the world came within minutes of nuclear war, America redoubled its efforts toward nuclear deterrence. From 1960 to 1964, our nuclear arsenal tripled, and Hanford’s reactors hummed day and night. Finally, in late 1964, President Lyndon Johnson decided that our need for plutonium had decreased and ordered all but one Hanford reactor shutdown. From 1964 - 1971 eight of nine reactors were slowly shut down and prepared for decontamination and decommissioning. The remaining reactor was converted to produce electricity, as well as plutonium. In 1972, the DOE added atomic energy technology research and development to the Hanford Site’s mission. Hanford Since the Cold War In 1990, Michail Gorbachev, Soviet President, pushed for improved relations between the superpowers and greatly reduced Russian arms development. The peaceful fall of the Berlin Wall followed shortly, and on September 27, 1991, the U.S. Congress officially declared the end of the Cold War. No more defense-related plutonium would ever be produced at Hanford. The Cleanup Begins During its defense production years, the Hanford Site was under strict military security and never subject to outside oversight. Due to improper disposal methods, like dumping 440 billion gallons of radioactive liquid directly onto the ground, Hanford’s 650 square miles is still considered one of the most toxic places on earth. The U.S. Department of Energy took over operations at Hanford from the defunct Atomic Energy Commission in 1977 with three main goals a part of its Strategic Plan: Clean it up! The Environmental Mission: DOE recognizes that Hanford won’t be â€Å"like it was before† for centuries, if ever. But, they have established interim and long-term goals to the satisfaction of the impacted parties;Never again! The Science Technology Mission: DOE, along with private contractors are developing technology in a wide range of clean-energy related areas. Many of the preventative and remedial environmental methods used today came from Hanford; andSupport the people! The Tri-Party Agreement: From the beginning of Hanford’s recovery era, DOE has worked to build and diversify the area’s economy, while encouraging intense involvement with and input from private citizens and the Indian Nations. So, How’s It Going Now in Hanford? Hanford’s cleanup phase will probably continue until at least 2030  when many of DOE’s long-term environmental goals will have been met. Until then, the cleanup goes carefully on, one day at a time. Research and development of new energy-related and environmental technologies now share  an almost equal level of activity. Over the years, the U.S. Congress has appropriated (spent) more than $13.1 million for grants and direct aid to the Hanford area communities to fund projects designed to build the local economy, diversify the workforce, and prepare for coming reductions in federal involvement in the area. Since 1942, the U.S. Government has been present in Hanford. As late as 1994, over 19,000 residents were federal employees  or 23 percent of the area’s total workforce. And, in a very real sense, a terrible environmental disaster became the driving force behind the growth, perhaps even the survival, of the Hanford area.   As of 2007, the Hanford site continued to retain 60% of all high-level radioactive waste managed by the U.S. Department of Energy and as much as 9% of all nuclear waste in the United States. Despite mitigation efforts, Hanford remains the most contaminated nuclear site in the United States and the focus of the nations largest ongoing environmental cleanup effort. In 2011, the DOE reported that it had successfully â€Å"interim stabilized† (eliminated the immediate threat) Hanford’s remaining 149 single-shell nuclear waste retention tanks by pumping nearly all of the liquid waste in them into 28 newer, more secure double-shell tanks. However, DOE later found water intruding into at least 14 single-shell tanks and that one of them had been leaking about 640 US gallons per year into the ground since about 2010. In 2012, the DOE announced that it had found a leak coming from one of the double-shell tanks caused by construction flaws and corrosion, and that 12 other double-shell tanks had similar construction flaws that might allow similar leakage. As a result, the DOE started monitoring the single-shell tanks monthly and double-shell tanks every three years, while also implementing improved monitoring methods. In March 2014, the DOE announced delays in the construction of the Waste Treatment Plant, which further delayed the removal of waste from all of the retention tanks. Since then, discoveries of undocumented contamination have slowed the pace and raised the cost of the cleanup project.

Analysis Of Roald Dahl s Dahl - 1472 Words

I use to love reading Roald Dahl when I was a younger, I was surprised to find out that Roald Dahl even wrote short stories for adults. Skin was one of those books for the more mature readers. I would recommend this book for its writing style. â€Å"The model!† cried Drioli. â€Å"Come on, Josie!† He was in a bustle of enthusiasm - now arranging everything, like a child preparing for some exciting game. â€Å"Where will you have her? Where shall she stand? The way Roald Dahl writes allows you to feel the same enthusiasm that Drioli experiences. Drioli is making the foolish mistake of getting a tattoo while he is drunk. Roald Dahl has a way of making a simple scenario feel like much more. I enjoyed witnessing Drioli, who was ironically making the worse†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The gallery owner was pushing through the crowd towards Drioli. â€Å"Monsieur,† he said, â€Å"I will buy it. I said I will buy it. Monsieur.† â€Å"How can you buy it? † Drioli asked softly. â€Å"I will give two hundred thousand francs for it.† â€Å"Don’t do it!† someone 135 murmured in the crowd. â€Å"It is worth twenty times as much.† I found it funny reading the debate and the hassle all the rich people were going through for Drioli’s priceless tattoo. Hence, I have come to conclude that money in today’s world has changed our behaviours and values; from the times when we valued helping and sharing with people who are more needy than us. Those who have been winning in this world been playing a sly, dishonest game; taking advantage of people like Drioli. Notwithstandingly, I believe that these people are not the only one’s to be blamed as Drioli tries selling himself for money; he too wanted a part in this never ending rats race. At first, I believed WW2 to be a devastating disaster that caused a number of humans to lose their lives, due to weaponry allowing man to kill each other. Conversely, my opinion changed after reading this short story. I realised that the loss of life was not the only problem, so was the destruction of everything else including; properties, businesses, and jobs. The war was horrible, I believe that the aftermath had an affect on everyone’s jobs, livelihood, and the living conditions degraded. Drioli was one such ordinary man,Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Roald Dahl s The Slaughter 1249 Words   |  5 PagesSentence: †¢ Women are seen as lacking in many aspects by society whose views on women are rigid, stereotypical, and belittled- thus, women are seen as lesser than or inferior to men Thesis: †¢ In the short story Lamb to the Slaughter, the author, Roald Dahl, uses irony and allusions to represent women, illustrating the notion that their capabilities are often underestimated. 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Adeline’s mother died shortly after her birth due to complications bought on by the delivery, and in Chinese culture this marks her as cursed or ‘bad luck’ (p.3). This situation is compounded by her father’s new marriage to a lady who has little

Advancing Physical And Psychological Conditions Of The Work Environments Free Essays

Agenda Item A ;Occupational Safety And Health ; Advancing Physical And Psychological Conditions Of The Work Environments Working in a safe and healthy environment is among the cardinal human rights of all working people in the World. In this respect, occupational safety and wellness issues, protection schemes every bit good as national and international events are of critical importance for employees, endeavors, societies and economic systems. Occupational Safety and Health is straight related to human life. We will write a custom essay sample on Advancing Physical And Psychological Conditions Of The Work Environments or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it is extremely of import to forestall work-related jeopardies and making safe workplace for the international community. In a on the job topographic point where comprehensive protective and preventative schemes have been developed, figure of work related accident and occupational diseases will diminish. Therefore, purpose should be minimise unintended jeopardies. These workplace jeopardies can be named as followerss ; Physical and mechanical jeopardies, Biological and chemical jeopardies, Psychosocial jeopardies. Especially workers who work on the Fieldss of building, agribusiness, service and Mining and oil A ; gas extraction sector, have much inclinations to meet with these jeopardies International Organizations such as InternatAÂ ±onal Labour Organization, World Health Organizations and United Nations etc. have been working to progress the conditions of work environments by coercing conventions and Acts of the Apostless. Since it’s constitution ILO has attached specific importance to the issue of OHS and regarded it as one of the edifice rocks in accomplishing societal justness. The ILO has so far adopted a series of conventions and recommendations in order to extinguish hazards and jeopardies in working life and in this context, to protect both workers and endeavors. The most relevant ILO Conventions sing OHS are No.155 on OSH, No.161 on Occupational Health Services, No 81 on Labour Inspection and No.187 on the Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health. The ILO Constitution sets rules that workers should be protected from illness, disease and hurt originating from their employment. Yet for 1000000s of workers, the world is really different . Some two million people die every twelvemonth from work-related accidents and diseases. An estimated 160 million people suffer from work-related diseases, and there are an estimated 270 million fatal and non-fatal work-related accidents per twelvemonth. Harmonizing to latest ILO information every twelvemonth 337 million people fall victim to work accidents. El Salvador’s economic system was preponderantly agricultural until industry quickly expanded in the sixtiess and ’70s. Despite its traditional concentration on agribusiness, after that epoch province industrialized rapidly and although it’s the smallest state in Central America geographically, El Salvador had the 3rd largest economic system in the part. This sudden alteration caught province unbalanced about workers’ protection so that Occupational Health and Safety measurings hadn’t been taken so far decently. Because of the fact that a big portion of the population was engaged in risky activities such as agribusiness, deceases and hurts took a peculiarly heavy toll. With Mauricio Funesgovernment, El Salvador made some legislative agreements in order to run into the demands of labor market. Being and continuity of the balance in working life and good existences of workers at work depend on back uping nice work and increasing registered employment. The Ministry of Labour and Social Prevision in cooperation with related ministries and representatives of work force played the cardinal function in bettering occupational wellness and safety in the state. To find the prevalence and nature of occupational hurts among workers in Latin America, every bit good as to place factors that predict these work-related hurts, El Salvador participated in a joint plan with other Latin America provinces. With this construct, II Hemispheric Workshop on Occupational Health and Safety was initiated by the Ministry of Labor and Social Prevision of El Salvador. It was co-organized by the Department of Social Development and Employment of the Organization of American States ( OAS ) , the Pan-American Health Organization ( PAHO ) , the International Labor Organization ( ILO ) and FUNDACERSSO, and it was funded by the Labor Program of Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. Yet, kids workers are still the chief job on the field of OHS. Between 5,000 and 30,000 Salvadoran kids, some every bit immature as 8 old ages old, are working in El Salvador ‘s sugar cane plantations where hurts, peculiarly terrible cuts and cuts, are common, harmonizing to theHuman Rights Watch ( HRW ) study even tough Salvadoran jurisprudence indicated that 18 is the minimal age for unsafe work. For a long clip guaranting widespread consciousness on OSH has been the chief aim for El Salvador. El Salvadoran authorities puts a great attempts to diminish work-related hurts and causalities. Programs, to accomplish this thought, have been developed really late and some of them are still ongoing. Harmonizing to us, progressing multidimensional conditions of workplaces would be accelerated by manner of back uping attempts on these issues at national and international platforms by sharing patterns via international plans and events. Agenda Item B ;Elimination of Discrimination in Workplaces Discrimination is a negative judgement toward a individual ‘s gender, age, faith, race, nationality, sexual penchant or tallness and is a immense job that can be found worldwide inside and outside of the workplace. On history of the fact that a big figure of authoritiess base on ballss Torahs that make favoritism illegal, employers must follow these Torahs when engaging employees and employees must move in these law’s model. But even with regulations in topographic point, many people still fall victim to favoritism at workplaces. There have been legion legislative motions to censor discrimination’s every form. One of the most of import act was Civil Rights of Act 1964 which outlawed and prohibited favoritism by covered employers on the footing of race, colour, faith, sex or national. International organisations such as International Labour Organization and United Nations have been puting their dockets by sing favoritism, particularly favoritism in workplaces. While everyone is a possible victim ; adult females, LGBT’s, cultural minorities, migrators, individuals with disablements constitute bulk of favoritism victims in workplaces. As a protagonist of this statement, Human Development Report in 2011 revealed that 52 per centum of non-Hispanic Whites expressed anti Hispanic attitudes towards their colleagues in U.S. Deriving independency from Spain in 1821, El Salvador’s more recent history has been marked by a acrimonious civil war in the 1980s which left more than 75,000 people dead and 500,000 displaced. The state was so hit by a series of natural catastrophes in the 1990s and 2000s, which left more than a million people stateless. These happenings made the province impotent and unstabilized. Therefore, Salvadoran governments have non adopted the findings and recommendations made by UN and ILO organic structures in the field of favoritism in workplaces between those old ages decently. But after 2000 to show, El Salvador has shown an unbelievable betterment to censor all signifiers of favoritism, particularly during presidential term of Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena. As a first measure on this country on August 19, 1981, El Salvador ratified the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women ( CEDAW ) , which defines favoritism and establishes an docket for national action to stop such favoritism. In 1996, prior to the Committee ‘s reappraisal of El Salvador ‘s conformity with CEDAW, the authorities of El Salvador established the Institute for Development of Women. The Institute seeks to guarantee that action programs created by the authorities to protect adult females are implemented efficaciously. Yet these amendments were non plenty. Althoughwomen in El Salvador enjoy equal protection under the jurisprudence, they were frequently at a disadvantage relation to their male opposite number harmonizing to Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 2001.Also as indicated in Human Development Report the female labour force engagement rate in El Salvador was 45.9 per centum, co mpared to the male rate of 76.7 per centum. Lesbian, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender ( LGBT ) individuals inEl Salvadorhad been confronting legal challenges in workplaces. No national jurisprudence does be to forbid favoritism on the footing of sexual orientation, although the jurisprudence prohibited favoritism on the footing of HIV/AIDS position, in pattern, favoritism was widespread. All in all, there was favoritism against adult females, individuals with disablements, sapphic, homosexual, bisexual, and transgender individuals, and autochthonal people at workplace and there weren’t equal commissariats or codifications to extinguish favoritism. When calendars showed 2001, El Salvadoran President and his authorities started to take stairss to anticipate any legal or constitutional challenges to decide the jobs highlighted in a UN general assembly study on favoritism at workplaces. Besides ensured those rights would beef up the fundamental law of El Salvador. The Secretariat for Social Inclusion, created in June 2009 by President Funes, who named the first lady Vanda Pignato as secretary, made attempts to get the better of traditional prejudice in all these countries. The fundamental law provided for the right of workers. In 2009 the authorities amended the fundamental law to allow legal position to public worker brotherhoods. The jurisprudence established sentences of one to three old ages in prison to individual who discriminate in the workplace. There were no authorities plans dedicated to battling favoritism but now The Vida Digna ( Life with Dignity ) plan has been adopted to El Salvador to contend against favoritism bas ed on HIV. Besides on the footing of sexual orientation, in pattern favoritism was widespread, particularly against transgender individuals. In January the new disposal approved the legal enrollment application filed in August 2009 by the homosexual rights NGO Entre Amigos. This is the first NGO focused on sexual minorities registered by the authorities whose primary declared work was other than the bar of HIV/AIDS. Although it’s considerable headroom, El Salvador will non be satisfied with this agreements and for certain, countenances and ordinances will better bit by bit to make international standards. As clearly seen favoritism in workplaces is widespread in many states. In our sentiment, such systematic homo rights misdemeanors can merely be deterred by the humanly will of authoritiess, employers and employees in taking resolute action against people who discriminate at all degrees. How to cite Advancing Physical And Psychological Conditions Of The Work Environments, Essay examples

King Leopolds Ghost free essay sample

Between 1880 and 1920, the population of the Congo was slashed in half: some ten million people were victims of murder, starvation, exhaustion, exposure, disease, and a plummeting birth rate. Why do you think this massive carnage has remained virtually unknown in the United States and Europe? During all this death there was only a few who would go down into the Congo because of all its dangers. So with hardly anyone already going down there and those who did brave the dangers would usually come back insane from a disease of some sort, there was just not enough evidence to prove how bad it was really getting even with those who made it out fine. There was also no communication possible only by mail and considering the dangers no persons would risk their life to take a letter to and from the jungle. So how can you, with not enough brave people to go down there, get the information out to the world. We will write a custom essay sample on King Leopolds Ghost or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But even those who got it out and tried to spread the word would be persecuted for saying such things because nobody wanted to help them because that would put their life in danger. No one in their right mind would even venture down to that part of Africa. So with no phones, pagers, computers, or mail to get the word out and sickness and animals killing most that went down there. Even those who go looking for these camps cannot usually find them because there in rural eras of the jungle which, for some, are impossible to attain. There was just no possible way to get word out to the rest of the world to get help. Now even with all the technology to find and go to them we still don’t hear much of them. We have all the vaccines to fight off all the disease and help the dying people in Africa. So even though we have all that still not much people want to help because they are caught up in the world they are living in and nothing else matters until they get what they need and want. The human race is selfish and only looks out for themselves. Question 6 The European conquest and plunder of the Congo and the rest of Africa was brutal, but so was the European settlement of North America and, long before that, the conquest of most of European by the Romans. Hasn’t history always proceeded in this way? Well yea, history has a way of repeating itself. Nothing only happens one time in history. There is always going to be those crazy Hitler type people out there and those who go power drunk and take over their country and then try to take over the world. And yes, whenever you go exploring a new place it’s going to be difficult. Have you ever heard someone say’ â€Å"I went exploring a new continent and it was easy. † There is so much that goes into exploration. You need tools, maps, guides, protection from animals and natives. Pretty much anything new you do is not going to be easy for you to do. Anything you do needs time, practice, and plans, but most important in needs to be organized. If nothing was organized the world would be in chaos. So yes history has and will be forever keep repeating itself to keep balance and stability to the world. It will always have its ups and always have its downs. It doesn’t matter who or what you do to try and prevent it. God has established the status quo and there is nothing anyone can do about it. Question 13 Hochschild quotes Roger Casements as insisting to Edmond Morel’s â€Å"I do not agree with you that England and America are the two great humanitarian powers †¦ [they are] materialistic first and humanitarian only a century after. † What evidence supports or refuses Casement’s judgment? Would Casement be justified in making the same statement today? Now back in that time we were more of a humanitarian country because first of all we didn’t have all the same technology we did today. Second we were pretty much a new country and we were trying to make a good name for us. Then third we went to war for other which was no cause of our own and all we did was help out less fortunate countrys than us. See now during this time it is a little different. We have all sorts of distractions. We have technology, we have more murder, and we are being more protective of our people. We use to go to war for no cause just to help out but now when we are attacked we don’t want to go to war. So you can say we are and have been a little of both the whole time. Back then we went to war to help people now we are sending missionaries to camps around the world to help people. But in the end let’s hope that we become more

Should humans drink milk free essay sample

Milk has been used for human consumption for thousands and thousands of years, as proven by cave drawings showing cows being milked. Today, cows milk is still one of the most popular animal milks consumed by humans. Around the world, people drink the milk from many other animals including camels, goats, llamas, reindeer, sheep, and water buffalo. We have all heard the popular saying, â€Å"Milk, it does a body good†, on TV or on the radio but is milk really good for us? Some people are beginning to think that milk is more harmful than beneficial. Opponents of consuming milk state that it causes obesity, cancer, heart disease, and allergies. Proponents of drinking milk say that all the calcium and vitamins in milk make milk a much needed staple in our diet and that milk can strengthen bones, help make your teeth strong and healthy, and prevent cancer. Well with that conflicting information, who is right? Let’s take a look at some history on milk before we make our decision. We will write a custom essay sample on Should humans drink milk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Scientists believe that Neolithic farmers in Britain and Northern Europe may have been among the first to begin milking cattle for human consumption. The dairying activities of these European farmers may have begun as early as 6,000 years ago. According to scientists, the ability to digest milk was slowly gained some time between 5000-4000 B. C. E. by the spread of a genetic mutation called lactase persistence that allowed post-weaned humans to continue to digest milk. (http://milk. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=000832) Archeological evidence also shows that the Ancient Sumerians drank cows milk and also made cows milk into cheeses and butters. The ancient Hebrews held milk in high favor; the earliest Hebrew Scriptures contain evidence of the widespread use of milk from very early times. The Old Testament refers to a land which floweth with milk and honey some twenty times. The phrase describes Palestine as a land of extraordinary fertility, providing all the comforts and necessities of life. In all, the Bible contains some fifty references to milk and milk products. So there is strong evidence of people drinking milk throughout history. So why are people now questioning if we should be drinking milk? When we are talking about milk, what we are talking about? The Britannica Encyclopedia offered the following description: Milk is Liquid secreted by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. The milk of domesticated animals is also an important food source for humans. Most milk consumed in Western countries is from cows; other important sources include sheep, goats, water buffalo, and camels. Milk is essentially an emulsion of fat and protein in water, along with dissolved sugar, minerals (including calcium and phosphorous), and vitamins, particularly vitamin B complex. Commercially processed cows milk is commonly enriched with vitamins A and D. So we are not just talking about cow’s milk, we are talking about any other animal milk. For the purpose of this essay, we are not talking about human milk. There are people who oppose the drinking of milk for ethical reasons and also for health reasons. PETA for example, has an anti-milk drinking campaign at milksucks. com and is opposed to the drinking of milk due to their opinion that it’s animal cruelty to milk the cows. On their website they state that cows are mistreated from birth until death. The babies are ripped from their mothers and the mothers are forced to produce 10 times the amount of milk that they would normally produce with the help of injections of drugs. They claim this shortens the life span of these cattle and makes them lame when they are finally retired from milking just to be butchered. Painful inflammation of the mammary glands, or mastitis, is common among cows raised for their milk, and it is one of dairy farms most frequently cited reasons for sending cows to slaughter. There are about 150 bacteria that can cause the disease, one of which is E. coli. Symptoms are not always visible, so milks somatic cell count (SCC) is checked to determine whether the milk is infected. Somatic cells include white blood cells and skin cells that are normally shed from the lining of the udder. As in humans, white blood cells—also known as pus—are produced as a means of combating infection. The SCC of healthy milk is below 100,000 cells per milliliter; however, the dairy industry is allowed to combine milk from all the cows in a herd in order to arrive at a bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC). Milk with a maximum BTSCC of 750,000 cells per milliliter can be sold. A BTSCC of 700,000 or more generally indicates that two-thirds of the cows in the herd are suffering from udder infections. When you are picking the milk to drink, the skim milk has the least white blood cells in it with the whole milk having the most white blood cells. Some people think that dairy products contribute to a number of health problems. They claim they can impair a childs ability to absorb iron and in very small children can even cause subtle blood loss from the digestive tract. Combined with the fact that milk has virtually no iron of its own, the result is an increased risk of iron deficiency. Also several studies have been published showing a high positive correlation between milk consumption in different countries and rates of death a few years later from Coronary Heart Disease. Studies have suggested that some of the nutritional benefits of milk may be lost when a lactose intolerant individual consumes milk. Not only does this person fail to receive the calories normally supplied by the undigested carbohydrates, but the resulting diarrhea may lead to loss of protein as well. Some people also believe that drinking milk can cause cancer. One reason milk consumption may lead to a cancer risk is insulin-like growth factor, IGF-1. Milk contains IGF-1 for good reason: milk is designed for babies, and IGF-1 helps us grow. IGF-1 affects growth, as well as other functions, and is normally found in our blood. Higher levels of IGF-1, however, appear to stimulate cancer cells. Three, large, well-designed studies in which dietary intake was assessed among cancer-free women who were followed over time to see who developed ovarian cancer, showed an increased risk of ovarian cancer among women with high intakes of milk and lactose. If women took in a daily increase of 10 grams of lactose, about the amount in one glass of milk, their risk of ovarian cancer increased by 13 percent. Exactly how the dairy foods may boost risk isnt known, but lactose produces galactose and glucose, and galactose has been thought to increase the risk by direct toxicity to the ovarian germ cells. Some people also blame milk for causing early puberty. Girls in the U. S. and other industrialized nations are now reaching puberty at drastically earlier ages. Two factors proven responsible for precocious puberty are detached parenting and consumption of cows milk. Cows milk has a high fat content, high levels of hormones and growth factors, and other chemicals from highly medicated cows. There are also people who believe that drinking milk hinders your body’s ability to digest properly. Some people think it is odd that humans are the only mammals who continue to drink milk after we are weaned from our mothers. There is also a belief that pasteurized cow’s milk can be one of the biggest culprits of allergies in children, and may be one of the contributing factors in behavioral issues of some children. On the other hand, there are people who believe that drinking milk is one of the best things we can do for our health. Milk is one-stop shopping for nutrition. It contains nearly all the basic nutrients that a growing child needs: fats, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. While it is true that most of the nutrients in milk can be gotten easily from other sources, such as vegetables, legumes, and seafood, milk puts them all together in a convenient package. Realistically, children eat or drink dairy products in greater amounts and more consistently than other foods. While whole milk is not the only way to get calcium in a childs diet, its the most practical way. Some people believe that milk can help build strong bones. Findings from ongoing studies indicate that four to five servings/day of calcium-rich foods such as milk and other dairy products are needed to optimize peak bone mass during adolescence. Osteoporosis is a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences. With low calcium intake levels during important bone growth periods, todays youth faces a serious public health problem in the future. Some people also believe that drinking more milk can aide in weight loss. Mounting research indicates that consuming more calcium in the diet particularly from calcium-rich dairy foods can speed up weight loss and reduce body fat, particularly abdominal fat. Consuming dairy products appears to help prevent body weight and fat gain in children and adults, Caucasians and African-Americans, males and females. In addition, dairy foods have proven to be more effective than calcium alone in moderating body weight/fat gain and accelerating weight/fat loss. The mix of essential nutrients in dairy foods, including calcium and protein, appears to speed up metabolism and improve the bodys ability to burn fat. Milk is a very convenient way to include calcium in our diets. The largest source of dietary calcium for most persons is milk and other dairy products, which accounts for 72% of the calcium in the US food supply. Sixty-five percent of the dietary calcium intake in children in the United States is supplied by dairy products. Drinking three 8-oz glasses of milk  per day will achieve the recommended adequate intake of calcium in children 4 to 8 years of age, and four 8- to 10-oz glasses of milk will provide the adequate calcium intake for adolescents. Most vegetables contain calcium, although at relatively low density. So, large servings are needed to equal the total intake achieved with typical servings of dairy products. So should you drink animal milk or shouldn’t you? I think when it comes down to it, that has to be your personal choice. I have laid out the pros and the cons for both, now you get to decide.

Free Essays on Carles Gauss

Carl Friedrich Gauss was born 1777 and died in the year of 1855. He was a German mathematician noted for his wide-ranging contributions to physics, particularly the study of electromagnetism. Born in Braunschweig on April 30, 1777, Gauss studied ancient languages in college, but at the age of 17 he became interested in mathematics and attempted a solution of the classical problem of constructing a regular heptagon, or seven-sided figure, with ruler and compass. He not only succeeded in proving this construction impossible, but went on to give methods of constructing figures with 17, 257, and 65,537 sides. In so doing he proved that the construction, with compass and ruler, of a regular polygon with an odd number of sides was possible only when the number of sides was a prime number of the series 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65,537 or was a multiple of two or more of these numbers. With this discovery he gave up his intention to study languages and turned to mathematics. He studied at the University of Gà ¶ttingen from 1795 to 1798; for his doctoral thesis he submitted a proof that every algebraic equation has at least one root, or solution. This theorem, which had challenged math ematicians for centuries, is still called â€Å"the fundamental theorem of algebra†. His volume on the theory of numbers, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Inquiries into Arithmetic, 1801), is a classic work in the field of mathematics. Gauss next turned his attention to astronomy. A faint planetoid, Ceres, had been discovered in 1801; and because astronomers thought it was a planet, they observed it with great interest until losing sight of it. From the early observations Gauss calculated its exact position, so that it was easily rediscovered. He also worked out a new method for calculating the orbits of heavenly bodies. In 1807 Gauss was appointed professor of mathematics and director of the observatory at Gà ¶ttingen, holding both positions until his death there on Februa... Free Essays on Carles Gauss Free Essays on Carles Gauss Carl Friedrich Gauss was born 1777 and died in the year of 1855. He was a German mathematician noted for his wide-ranging contributions to physics, particularly the study of electromagnetism. Born in Braunschweig on April 30, 1777, Gauss studied ancient languages in college, but at the age of 17 he became interested in mathematics and attempted a solution of the classical problem of constructing a regular heptagon, or seven-sided figure, with ruler and compass. He not only succeeded in proving this construction impossible, but went on to give methods of constructing figures with 17, 257, and 65,537 sides. In so doing he proved that the construction, with compass and ruler, of a regular polygon with an odd number of sides was possible only when the number of sides was a prime number of the series 3, 5, 17, 257, and 65,537 or was a multiple of two or more of these numbers. With this discovery he gave up his intention to study languages and turned to mathematics. He studied at the University of Gà ¶ttingen from 1795 to 1798; for his doctoral thesis he submitted a proof that every algebraic equation has at least one root, or solution. This theorem, which had challenged math ematicians for centuries, is still called â€Å"the fundamental theorem of algebra†. His volume on the theory of numbers, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (Inquiries into Arithmetic, 1801), is a classic work in the field of mathematics. Gauss next turned his attention to astronomy. A faint planetoid, Ceres, had been discovered in 1801; and because astronomers thought it was a planet, they observed it with great interest until losing sight of it. From the early observations Gauss calculated its exact position, so that it was easily rediscovered. He also worked out a new method for calculating the orbits of heavenly bodies. In 1807 Gauss was appointed professor of mathematics and director of the observatory at Gà ¶ttingen, holding both positions until his death there on Februa...

Transcendentalism and Into the Wile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transcendentalism and Into the Wile - Essay Example These elements include political parties and religious systems that a person is exposed to. The religion advocates for independence and self-dependence among persons, as opposed to interdependence and communal participation in a person’s life. It is one of their beliefs that only from such a setup can a truly functioning community be formed. Chris McCandless was truly a transcendentalist because he lived many of the religion’s beliefs. These included non-conformity to the other religions, appreciation of nature and upholding the teachings of Thoreau and Emerson of a non-materialistic lifestyle, which include living a simplistic and contented life (Krakauer 174). He lived the lifestyle of a transcendentalist and practised their teachings. His appreciation of nature is well encapsulated by his adventure especially the adventure into the wilderness and his formal procedure of passage ascertained an understanding of his personal growth. During his life, Chris exhibited a remarkable independence coupled with his ideas and actions that directly link him to the transcendentalist movement (Krakauer 67). There are many benefits linked to transcendentalism. One of the core things emphasized by transcendentalism is reflective practice and meditation. This helps a lot in a person’s health as they help reduce stress, anxiety, hyperactivity, effects of depression, attention deficiency. It also helps improve a person’s critical thinking skills thus helping in problem-solving and ensuring a more positive and clear outlook on life. Meditation plays a major role in improving a person’s memory, thus developing decision-making and imaginative thinking. There are varieties of benefits that apply to children too. These include restoring balance and calmness, enhancing memory, increasing confidence, developing creativity, and increasing learning capability. The religion helps in the conservation of nature

Vegetarianism and Its Various Benefits Research Paper

Vegetarianism and Its Various Benefits - Research Paper Example People may also turn vegetarian since they feel that human beings are supposed to eat food that is obtained only from plant sources. Vegetarianism can also be manifested in different forms and degrees with some people deciding to be extreme followers and some deciding against it. With the increase in the number of vegetarians in the world, there are sects even within vegetarians. There are some who eat eggs and dairy products and others who avoid them. They are classified into lacto-vegetarians, ovo-vegetarians, lacto-ovo-vegetarians, vegans and so on and so forth (Vegetarianism, n.d.). These categories prove the importance that people assign to the constituents of their diet in a world comprising people who are increasingly conscious of their appearances and their health. In many industrial countries this may be a survival tactic to gain more immunity against the pollution that is prevalent in these countries. In others, it may be a means of gaining protein from certain sources whil e remaining faithful to their religious practices. Anyhow, these sects within the larger group of vegetarians prove how strong the overall movement against what they perceive as cruelty to animals is. In some cases, religious beliefs can be the root cause of vegetarianism and in such instances, people start attaching great value to their vegetarianism as it is a symbol of their culture. Especially in communities that consist of immigrants, vegetarianism can be a strong reminder of the culture of the homeland and may be held on to with great strength. This can be seen in the Jain communities of the United States of America. Originally from the Indian subcontinent, the people belonging to the Jain community are mostly lacto-vegetarians and they believe in not inflicting violence upon animals. This is a part of the larger theories of nonviolence that were propounded by the founder of Jainism, Mahavir (Mehta, n.d.). The importance of vegetarian diets is significant in the cultures of Ja inism and some sects of Jains even wear cloth masks so as to not accidentally inhale insects and cause harm to them. The conflict between different cultures that believe in vegetarianism and non-vegetarianism as parts of their religion creates problems for many nations. In multicultural and multi-religious societies across the world, such problems keep surfacing. In such a scenario, it becomes important for one to analyze the position of vegetarianism in the world and whether it would not be beneficial to adopt vegetarianism as a whole. This discussion is at a hypothetical level as people are free to choose the food of their choice unless of course, there are instructions from the state to the contrary. This paper shall look at the benefits of vegetarianism for human beings at an individual level and also for the environment. It shall speak of the different positive effects that vegetarianism ahs on the human body. It shall also discuss the negative effects that the meat industry ha s on the environment and the flora of a nation. The conservation of the environment would receive a boost if the presence of the meat-production centers in the world would decrease. Vegetarian diets often have the ability to provide the body with substances that would enable it to detoxify itself. The presence of various kinds of vitamins and minerals in these diets, absent from meat-only diets, helps the body to purify itself of the toxic substances that may be

Nanobots Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanobots - Research Paper Example This essay examines the nanobot in terms of its purpose, function, development, as well as the moral and ethical concerns related to its implementation in the contemporary and future world environments. Analysis What is this technology? Nanobots are the product of nanotechnology. This is technology that functions within exceptionally small confines – namely within a nanometer (10?9 meters). The field of nanorobotics implements nanotechnology in the creation and engineering of robotic devices ranging in size from 0.1-10 micrometers. These robots are recognized to also be composed of micro or nano processors or components. When one considers that in the mid-20th century the only computers that existed filled a room, the emergence of such nanotechnology measures only a half-century later is a tremendous technological advance. Nanotechnology is created from a bottom up process where the technology is created one atom at a time, allowing developers to achieve the astoundingly small size requirements. Currently nanorobotic technology is in a proto-stage, as primitive molecular machines have been developed. There are also sensors that measure only 1.5 nanometers that are able to identify specific molecules in a chemical conglomerate. Even while nanobots remain largely in the formative development stages, it’s recognized that in the upcoming decade they will increasingly become a part of our daily lives. Purpose of this technology and its effect on people’s lives There are a great variety of potential implementations for nanorobotic technology. Perhaps the most prominent use of this technology has been potential implications of it in combating cancer cells. Indeed, recent trial procedures have been conducted wherein nanobots were able to enter a human and eliminate cancer cells. Describing the function of these nanobots in combating cancer, researcher Mark Davis notes, â€Å"It sneaks in, evades the immune system, delivers the siRNA, and the disas sembled components exit out† (Gizmodo). Essentially, these nanobots are able to enter the human body and deliver RNAi sequences to cancerous cells; these are ribonucleic acid interferences that attack malignant cancer cells. Professor Sylvain Martel, Director of the Nanorobotics Laboratory at Polytechnique Montreal has also foregrounded significant developments of nanobots for the treatment of cancer. While Professor Martel’s treatment of cancer is much in like with researcher Mark Davis’ there are a number of notable innovative differences. It’s noted that, â€Å"Using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system, his team successfully guided microcarriers loaded with a dose of anti-cancer drug through the bloodstream†¦right up to a targeted area in the liver, where the drug was successfully administered† (‘Science Daily’). In these regards, the notable understanding is that this technology is able to improve chemoembolization by tre ating cancerous cells without exposing the unaffected adjacent tissue to the medication’s toxic effects. In addition to specific implications on cancer treatment, nanobots are also believed to have the potential of aiding humans avoid invasive surgery through entering the body and conducting such amendments. Furthermore, the emergent study of nanomedibots is believed to have the potential of developing nanobots that reside in humans to, â€Å"monitor body function; repair damaged tissue at the molecular level; deconstruct pathologic or abnormal material or cells such as cancer or

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay

Aspects Of British Colonialism In Uganda And Kenya History Essay Uganda and Kenya as British protectorates were founded in 1894. Colonization of Africa employed a number of methods. The main ones were the use of the gun the Bible or religion. Buganda was colonized by the gun, Bible and koran. The Bible and koran teachings became effective ways of establishing a fanatical following which eventually played a crucial role in the political landscape of buganda. By 1867 islam was established in buganda and Mutesa I was already observing the ramadhan and learning to read the koran. Mutesa I pages at his courts fully converted though Mutesa I never converted fully to islam. The Christian Missionary Society (CMS) arrived in buganda in June 1877. After two years the roman catholic white fathers arrived in buganda. The arrival of these two groups not only ignited a rivalry between them but confused the buganda (EnterUganda). Just as Uganda, Kenya had its share of missionary activity which sprang up from the coastal part of the region. Missionaries first landed at the coastal town which had been previously explored and dominated by the arab traders who came in with the koran. However the factional fights that were characteristic of the buganda were not with Kenya mainly because of the ethnic set up diversity that existed in Kenya. Later on the establishment of colonial boundaries would greatly affect these more than 40 different communities who were now brought together into one territory. In the case of the buganda and on a broader scale there was rivalry between the French who were catholic inclined and the English who were protestant inclined. In this rivalry was also a scramble for products and cheap raw materials source. On the other hand the earliest foreign expeditions in Kenya were mainly missionary expeditions and were mainly to open up the inland for the sake of the gospel. The scramble for raw materials would however come later as a secondary factor. The coming of the missionaries caused religion to spread rapidly throughout the entire east African region. For Kenya the spread advanced from the coastal region into the interior, whereas for Uganda the kabaka hosted the missionaries whose activities fanned out from the palace into the entire region. The Imperial British East Africa chose to move in and establish British sphere influence. Sending FJ Jackson who spearheaded this mission. Jackson sought to sign a treaty with Mwanga who was enjoying catholic backing after Karl Peters a German favoured by the catholics arrived in buganda. The Germany influence and interest over buganda was curtailed by the signing of the Heligoland treaty of July 1890. In this treaty buganda was officially recognized as a British sphere of influence in return for Heligoland island in the north sea to the Germans (EnterUganda) In Kenya it all began at the 1884 to 1885 Berlin Conference which was the basis on which was set the rules of colonial occupation. Combining with the 1886 Anglo-German Agreement and other inter- European territorial arrangements, the Berlin conference was instrumental in not only erecting artificial boundaries around Kenya but also in removing diplomatic initiative from Kenyan people. This was just a precursor of the demarcation of the Kenyan territory that would follow in the year 1894. Imperial British East Africa now had a firm grip on the two east African states Kenya and Uganda. However in order to further protect their interests in Uganda the Imperial British East Africa later send Captain Fredrick Lugard to counter the threat posed by Emin Kasha in Sudan who was planning to annex buganda and bunyoro to Turkey. Charles Stoke a missionary turned arms dealer who was also plotting to arm Kabalega needed to be dealt with because kabalega being unfriendly to the British would be a r isk if he was armed.. Captain Lugard successfully forestalled their plans. However the coming of Captain Lugard was viewed by Mwanga and the catholic backed regime as a triumph for the protestant. Lugard signed a treaty with Mwanga and fought alongside him to defeat the muslim invasion. Captain Lugard also entered an agreement with Ntare V to stop arms from reaching Kabalega. Inter religious hostilities flared once again and this time Captain Lugard armed the protestant faction. Mwanga fled to Budda but a kingdom without a kabaka was weakened so Lugard reinstated Mwanga in 1892 after signing a treaty. Buganda land according to the agreement was divided among the religious factions with a total of 20 in number, 12 for the protestant, 8 for the catholic and 2 for the muslim. The catholic were less privileged politically. Mwanga again attempted an escape and a revolt. He chose to unite with the ankole, busoga and lango and kabalega but their resistance was subdued by the British. Both men were captured and exiled to the Seychelles (EnterUganda). This paved way for the 1900 buganda agreement signed by the missionaries on behalf of Mwangas infant son. This agreement covered administrative structure, finance and recognition of the kabaka and his government on condition that their loyalty was to the British governor. The native courts were brought under the protectorate courts and kabaka was forbidden from maintaining an army. Buganda therefore lost her independence through this treaty. Kenyas boundaries were demarcated without the consultation of Kenyas people. It can be conceded that the colonial boundaries led to the establishment of a large territorial entity (Waweru) The fact that the administrative and ethnic boundaries were coterminous nurtured negative ethnicity as different communities competed for colonial resources. Inter-ethnic competition would characterize the post-1945 nationalist struggles and post-colonial politics. British colonial economic policy in Kenya included the following the isolation of land for European settlers ,African taxation African migrant/forced labour and the development of a settler dominated and peasant agricultural commodity production, export production, rail and road transport, education and health (Waweru) Similarly Sir Harry Johnston was sent by Britain to Uganda to implement a plan for the new colony that included an overhaul of the monetary system and land tenure. The introduction of hut tax caused the kingdom to forfeit all traditional forms of exchange and work on the land, produce crop and share in taxes with the government. The new monetary system in place ensured that Ugandans would be able to use cash to buy imported goods. Control was always established through signing of agreements that subordinated the kingdom areas of the buganda kingdom to British imperialism (EnterUganda). For Kenya the fact that the ethnic and administrative boundaries were coterminous gave rise to negative ethnicity because the different communities began to compete for colonial resources. This inter-ethnic competition would eventually lead to the post-1945 nationalist struggles and post-colonial politics. Some of the examples of these struggles included attempts by so-called minority Luyia, Kalenjin and coastal communities to establish quasi-federalism as a counterpoise to Kikuyu-Luo domination in independent Kenya. In Kenya British indirect rule often led to recruitment of British collaborative agents and porters into leadership positions. Chiefs councils, native tribunals and local native councils were often used but were actually a mockery of democracy. These councils were often chaired by colonial district officers and acted as legal and administrative avenues that were to keep Africans in their subordinate positions. The Europeans dominated these executive and legislative councils and unilaterally formulated policies and made budgets in Nairobi the Kenyan capital city with the approval of London. Africans were mostly excluded from these councils, which were chaired by the Governor until and after the Second World War. In Kenya and Uganda the earliest schools were built by missionaries. Both colonial and post colonial education was not geared to impart productive skills and this affected the middle class. Whereas formal education was not in place until 1925 in Uganda prior to which schools were conspicuously factional with catholics and Protestants having their own schools Kenya was altogether different, settler schools were established and schooling was based on race with the best schools absorbing the European and the average ones for the African. In Uganda muslims had lost out in terms of sponsorship on schooling because of Turkeys defeat in the world war and so they ended up taking less formal jobs compared to their counterparts in the protestant and catholic caliber. In Kenya colonial education fostered the emergence of semi skilled elites. They served the colonial state and economy.Some of them like Johana Owalo, Harry Thuku, Jomo Kenyatta, Dedan Kimathi, Oginga Odinga and Tom Mboya made atte mpts at establishing organized nationalism. This nationalism was based on primordial ethnicity and colonial administration. It was only after the establishment of the Kenya African Union that the nationalists attempted territory-wide mobilization of Kenyans. The colonial state carefully chose the leaders of the independent regime as it laid the grounds for neo-colonialism. In Uganda political parties were born which were based on this factional approach with ideologies based on religious differences. Uganda and Kenya had similarities in the local government system which was based on tribal entities each being treated independently but under a common British governor. The separation of these districts here was meant to hinder national consciousness and the emergence of national political parties. Colonial resistance took many forms in both Kenya and Uganda. In Uganda the nyangive- abaganda rebellion was one of the earliest of these by the bunyoro and ankole directed against the baganda chiefs who the colonialists deployed after the fall of kabalega. Later other resistance movements like the nyabingi cult which was trying to overturn the colonial administrative legacy was also started. Other resistance movements such as native civil servants association and the bataka movement were formed agitating for better conditions of service and regaining of land control respectively. It was mostly the semi educated elites who came up with organizations to fight suppression, exploitation and discrimination by the colonialist. Other organizations agitated for markets for their food products whereas some agitated against Indian domination in the trade sector. For Kenya agitation of the 1950s was based on the land tenure, the mau mau uprising became the most formidable resistance against the british mounted by the Agikuyu community. Colonial military expeditions led to genocide and forced migrations of people among the Agikuyu, Abagusii, the Nandi, Ababukusu, Giriama and all the others who met colonial force with force.

A Comparison of Imprisonment in Yellow Wallpaper, Jane Eyre and Slave Girl :: compare and contrast essay examples

Imprisonment in Yellow Wallpaper, Jane Eyre and Slave Girl   Ã‚   When I think of prisons, the first thing that comes into my mind is of course locking someone up against their will or as a punishment, because someone else has decided that this is for the best or simply wants to get someone out of the way. Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre is locked up in the attic and the woman in The Yellow Wall-paper is confined to a summer home by her husband. For both these women, the locking up serves as yet another prison: they are both already prisoners in their own bodies by their mental states. In The Yellow Wall-paper, the main character is placed in a summer home to recover from a nervous condition. Her husband John, a doctor, believes that in order to get well, she has to take a rest cure and refrain from all kinds of physical or mental exertion, and he therefore more or less locks her up in one of the larger rooms of the house where she has nothing to do but stare at the wallpaper and keep a diary. She believes to see a woman trapped behind the wallp aper and strips it off in order to set her free - this I see as how she sees herself in her confinement. Her psychological state as well as the confinement to the room, along with the gender roles and expectations of that time, all work together to make her a prisoner kept making her own decisions. The husband is the provider, the one who knows best and the one who makes the decisions and she has no way of voicing her own. She finally "escapes" her controlling husband and the room by finally descending into insanity. "'I've got out at last', said I, 'in spite of you and Jane! And I've pulled off most of the paper, so you can't put me back!'" (Gilman, p1669). Bertha Mason in Jane Eyre has, to use a slightly old-fashioned term, gone mad to such an extent that she is dangerous to both herself and to others. To get her out of the way, Mr Rochester has her locked up and he pretends that she has never existed at all. By treating her like an animal (putting her in a large cage), he creates a real (physical) prison with its locks and bars, and I believe that only makes matters worse, since there certainly was no way that she would ever recover up there.

Political Socialization Essay

Both my parents are independents; and I used to identify myself as independent. However, I believe school was the political socialization agent that has had the greatest impact in my judgments and decisions related to politics. This process began in my country, Venezuela, there I learned about world and Venezuelan history, patriotism, symbols, basic institutions and values of politics in school. I was always taught to stand for my principles and beliefs. Therefore, from seven to twelve grades I got involved with my schools’ Student Government Group. At that time, I was able to make a difference in issues related to students and staff interests; I also made a difference in the community by organizing conservationist campaigns, good neighbor activities, and beautification of our city projects, to mention some. Most of the time I felt that I was not bonded to any of the country’s political parties, but shortly after entering college I began to work and there were the opportunities for involvement within the system. Unfortunately, my country’s political situation started to deteriorate with the intended of a military take over. Later on, it was totally crushed with the actual Presidential election of the perpetrator, current President, Hugo Chaves. My trust and faith in a democracy were shattered until I decided to come to the US. Now, I appreciate and love this country very much for all the opportunities existing to me. I also feel that my opinions in American politics, ethics and other subjects are well-informed and once again school has marked and amplified them. On the other hand, I believe that a person’s knowledge of politics cannot simply come from their own personal experience or through the lessons learned from others directly. For instance, the mass media influences individuals by what they report and what they do not report; and it does not frequently discuss alternatives to the way society is fundamentally structured. In conclusion, I think much of the political knowledge people have comes from a combination of agents, for me in priority basis are: school, my values, and the mass media. I also think that my family has the least impact on me as political socialization agent because they were never inclined to any political party and this was not an important subject of discussion in my house.

A Summary of Margaret Atwoods The Edible Woman

A Summary of Margaret Atwoods The Edible Woman The Edible Woman is the first novel by Margaret Atwood, published in 1969. It tells the story of a young woman who struggles with society, her fiancà ©, and food. It is often discussed as an early work of feminism. The protagonist of The Edible Woman is Marian, a young woman with a job in consumer marketing. After she gets engaged, she becomes unable to eat. The book explores Marian’s questions of self-identity and her relationships with others, including her fiancà ©, her friends, and a man whom she meets through her work. Among the characters is Marian’s roommate, who wants to get pregnant but surprisingly does not want to get married. Margaret Atwood’s layered, somewhat fanciful style in The Edible Woman explores themes of sexual identity and consumerism. The novel’s ideas about consumption work on a symbolic level. Is Marian unable to consume food because she is being consumed by her relationship? Additionally, The Edible Woman examines a woman’s inability to eat side by side with the unhappiness in her relationship, although it was published at a time when the psychology of eating disorders was not commonly discussed. Margaret Atwood has written dozens of books, including The Handmaid’s Tale and The Blind Assassin, which won the Booker Prize. She creates strong protagonists and is known for exploring feminist issues and other questions of contemporary society in unique ways. Margaret Atwood is one of the most prominent Canadian writers and a major figure in contemporary literature. Main Characters Clara Bates: She is a friend of Marian McAlpin. Quite pregnant with her third child as the book begins, she dropped out of college for her first pregnancy. She represents traditional motherhood and sacrifices for ones children.  Marian finds Clara rather boring and believes she needs rescuing. Joe Bates: Claras husband, a college instructor, who does quite a bit of the work at home. He stands for marriage as a way to protect women. Mrs. Bogue: Marians department head and a prototypical professional woman. Duncan: Marians love interest, very different than Peter, Marians  fiancà ©. He is not particularly attractive, not ambitious, and he pushes Marian to be real. Marian McAlpin: The protagonist, learning to cope with life and people. Millie, Lucy, and Emmy, the Office Virgins: they symbolize what is artificial in womens stereotypical roles of the 1960s Len (Leonard) Shank: A friend of Marian and Clara, a lecherous skirt-chaser according to Marian. Ainsley is trying to trick him into fathering her child, but he is the opposite of the married father, Joe Bates. Fish (Fischer) Smythe: Duncans roommate, who plays a special role near the end in Ainsleys life. Ainsley Tewce: Marians roommate, the ultra-progressive, aggressive opposite of Clara and, perhaps, also Marians opposite. She is anti-marriage at first, then switches two different kinds of moral earnestness. Trevor: Duncans roommate. Trigger: A late-marrying friend of Peters. Peter Wollander: Marians  fiancà ©, a good catch who proposes to Marian because it is a sensible thing to do. He wants to mold Marian into his idea of the perfect woman. Woman Down Below: The landlady (and her child) who represents a kind of strict moral code. Summary Marians relationships are introduced and she introduces people to each other.  Peter proposes and Marian accepts, giving over her responsibility to him, though she seems aware that is not her true self. Part 1 is told in Marians voice. Now with an impersonal narrator of the story, people shift. Marian becomes fascinated with Duncan and begins to have trouble eating food.  She also imagines her body parts are disappearing. She bakes a cake-woman for Peter, who refuses to take part in it. Ainsley teachers her how to put on a false smile and a fancy red dress. Marian shifts again, finding herself rooted again in reality and she watches Duncan eat the cake.

Problems of Pornography Addiction

Problems of Pornography Addiction Introduction Pornography is a form of entertainment meant to raise sexual emotions. Pornography has exploded sporadically from humble period of nude cards, stag films to being viewed almost as a normal thing in the society. Recently, pornography has become a very controversial socio-political issue.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Problems of Pornography Addiction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has sparked debate among various groups. Much has been established on the issue including attitudes towards sexually and explicit materials among the youth. Findings from the investigations endorse their perspective that pornographic materials have both harmful and positive effects. However, the majority view them as harmful, thus supporting pornography restriction. Additionally, the studies show that men watch pornography at a higher rate and hold a more favorable opinion towards the materials as compared to women, thus it points out that gender role has an influence on the attitudes toward pornography (Lottes et al., 1993). This paper provides you with a deep insight into the issues related to pornography including the factors leading to wide spread of this, the various perspective and attitudes towards the matter, and lastly, discuss its various impacts in the society. Factors facilitating the wide spread of Pornography The introduction of Internet has made pornography more invasive because the world wide web is full of pornographic materials. This has increased the number of individual’s watching pornography. The websites lure individuals who would otherwise not have viewed them, thus increasing the number of addicts. The rate of those who access pornographic materials on the internet per second is estimated to be over twenty eight thousand users. The number of pornographic websites is approximated to be more than 4.2 million. As researchers have discussed, the accessibility, afforda bility and anonymity are the three factors that have facilitated the rapid increase of pornographic addiction. These factors are often termed as the Triple A engine.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pornographic materials are accessible in that millions of such websites are available 24/7. The prices are kept low, and sometimes, these sites are free making it even more affordable. Anonymity also contributes to the spread of this issue as the communication is held confidential and anonymous in those websites. Therefore, the individual feels free in his actions since there is a reduced ability to look for judgment in facial expression as it were in face to face interactions. These are the major factors that lead to sexual compulsivity and psychological disorders (Tarver, 2010). Perspective and Attitudes towards Pornography There are four major perspectives towards por nography. These include the liberal, religious conservative, anticensorship feminist and anti-pornography feminist. The liberal perspective argues that there is no sound evidence that links pornography to harm in the society. Whilst pornography may be offensive to the others, to some, it gives harmless pleasures. They reject those opinions that pornography degrades woman or undermines the traditional moral values of the society. The religious conservatives view pornography as a threat to the family values. Arguably, it encourages couples to engage in sexual activities outside their marriages. They emphasize the harm for children and the erosion of the moral fabric of the family and society at large. The anti-pornography feminists endorse strongly the fact that it highly violates women’s personal rights. They state that it is a form of sexual discrimination which hinders women’s opportunities for equality. Anticensorship feminists reject anti-pornography feminist opinio ns arguing that pornography is in no way the cause of inequality. They say being against it downplays the sexism issues. They believe that open discussions and the presentation of the diverse sexual practices benefit the society by inferring the sexual freedom (White Kimball, 2009). Opponents of Pornographic Materials (negative) Clearly, pornography addiction is a real problem in the society. Research estimates show that about $3075.64 is spent on pornography every second. Another study conducted shows that 47% of Christians admit that it is a major problem of the families with 53% of men seeking for help to fight that addiction.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Problems of Pornography Addiction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This implies that the number of marriages failing due to pornography addiction is skyrocketing. To be precise, about 68% of divorce cases have one party involved in pornography, in 56%, one party is excessively obsessed in pornographic websites, and 33% are involved in the chat room, such as cybersex. In 2004 and 2005, the U.S. hearings of the panel agree on this note arguing that the Internet pornography has really affected the couples, families and individuals of varying ages (Diamond, 2009). Furthermore, pornography has led to many young people being addicted to it, and this has influenced their relationship with their friends in a negative manner. This addiction has adverse on the nation’s economic and social responsibilities of the families, co-workers and the community at large. Other studies show a proportional relation between pornographic addiction and violence inflicted on women, men and children. Future studies are focused on establishing the neurological role of pornography addiction to give a sound grounds and proofs to affirm decisions on the role of pornography addiction in breaking families. As research shows, the moment of sexual release cau ses the secretion of natural occurring chemicals to be released in the brain. The individual becomes addicted to the opiods just as heroin. The user becomes addicted to the feeling and pleasures induced by the drug. This explains why the addicted individual sometimes requires a more extreme form of pornographic materials to achieve the same level of pleasures with a lapse of time. As they become more and more used to the expressions, they require more explicit view in order to reach sexual arousal (Young, 2008). Pornographic addiction results in emotional problems. It causes cravings just as those caused by cigarette and liquor. The addicts also admit that there is a difference between online and offline emotions. This renders them to suffer low self-esteem.Advertising Looking for term paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, they become introverts and suffer from depression, and damaged relations. They isolate themselves from society, and their career productivity is decreased which is translated to financial crisis. Sometimes, their behavior is associated with anxiety, guilt, self-blame and potential legal problems. They become lonely, and restless, and only internet use makes them feel better. Internet sex offers many themes to a fantasy world to develop where there are a lot of people interested in the individual. As the addiction continues to grow, the individuals become more immersed in this world which makes them change their views of the strangers as mere friends and partners to a more real than an actual spouse or family member (Boyle, 2011). Another feature commonly not tolerated by the community is pornographic materials where youths and kids are involved as actors, participants or a part of viewers. Additionally, there is an increased exploitation in the industry, especially to the young girls. These kids barely know what is comfortable and what is not. Some of the scenes have physical impact on the bodies of the participants. Any act in the pornography can be damaging, especially if performed repeatedly or for a long period. Sometimes, the positions designated for visibility are of no comfort and can cause injuries. In some cases, the acts come with no protection, and the individual is at risk of contracting diseases, such as STI and AIDS. Physical abuse is very common in bestiality. Individual’s private parts become pretty badly cut up due to the untrimmed, unclean claws pawing on their body (Young, 2008). It has also been established that most of the pornographic addicted have distorted attitudes and perceptions of the sexual matters. Men who are addicted tolerate abnormal sexual behaviors, such as sexual aggression, promiscuity and rape. Additionally, they view women and children as sex objects and commodities to fulfill their sexual pleasures. Therefore, pornography materials have negative influence on the society because they are a part of the industry that exploits participants, whether male or female, by displaying degrading positions and treatment of the participants. Secondly, it leads to break down of traditional societal morals through its offensive and disturbing acts. These acts have been linked to the increased sexual violence, such as rape in the US and all over the world. Studies show that majority of addicts who have been convicted of Internet based sexual offenses had committed a real life sexual abuse of the children to an average of over thirteen different child sex abuses (Tarver, 2010). Therefore, pornography contributes to the development of unhealthy anxiety in imagination and conduct. This interferes with the individual’s moral growth and his/her ability to sustain healthy and mature relationships especially in marriage and family life. Family is the only place where one can find a mutual trust and moral integrity. Pornography mitigates the individual from experiencing a true human sexual expression by making him or her to have frenzied search for personal pleasure and gratification rather than enjoy the real expression of enduring love in the marriage and family. It distorts the individuals’ value of having normal relationship through distorted perceptions about sexuality. It also increases the level of withstanding other bizarre types of pornography. The result is a decreased sexual satisfaction with the partner performance, affection or morphology. This raises doubts in the marriage, eroding the foundation and the stability of the family and society at large. The greatest effect of pornography addiction in marriages is the loss of trust. Viewing pornographic materials is seen as infidelity and dishonesty contributing to a larger part of distrust. Most individuals, especially the married couple, tend to keep their computer pornography private. Since pornography i nvolves intimate relationships and sexuality, it is very disruptive and destructive thing to the marriage secure attachments. This kind of consumption increases the level of marital infidelity rate to a more than 30% (Voros, 2010). Clearly, pornography erodes the warmth of the family affection through the traumatizing moments that the kid can accidently see, such as seeing a parent masturbate, encountering a hidden pornographic material, magazines, films, and internet sites or arising other conflicts in the family facilitated by these acts. Sometimes, it may also lead to reduced parental attention and family time spent together, and in extreme cases, cause a job loss and financial strain to the parents. Also, there is an increased risk of the child becoming consumers of pornography themselves. It creates distress amongst them especially when they see their parents fight as this creates a stressful environment at home. The situation can worsen especially in cases where there are risk s of parents divorcing or separating. It also exposes the kid to develop a different perception of human beings, such as viewing women as sex objects. As discussed above, pornographic addictions lead to an increased desire for abnormal and bizarre activities for perverted stimulation. It causes the addict to turn to child pornography. This leads to the increase in pedophilia. Studies show that children from families where parents are pornographic addicts have feeling that they are lusted especially by their fathers. This makes them suffer from insecurity and fear making the home a nightmare rather than a safe heaven (Twohig et al., 2009). Proponents of pornographic materials (positive) Arguably, those who watch pornographic materials offer others a chance to express their fantasies which gives them pleasure. They claim that pornographic materials give a positive displacement activity for sexual aggression. Others say that it actually empowers women by loosening their shackles of soc ial prudery or other antisocial restrictions. They argue that pornographic materials help individuals improve their sex relations among adults by offering a bottled-up sexual masturbation pleasures. It is also a good teacher to people on sexual techniques giving the individuals positive affects that they otherwise would lack. Therefore, they argue that they should be made available to adults and young youths. They say being against it downplays the sexism issues. They believe that open discussions and presentation of the diverse sexual practices benefit the society by inferring sexual freedom (Tarver, 2010). In some cases, it has been reported that there is a steadily decrease of rape incidences amongst countries, such as Japan, that have legalized the sale of pornographic materials. It is clear that Internet pornographic has gone a notch higher and has been made available to almost everybody and almost freely, and this seems to benefit the society somehow. For instance, the number of rape cases reported in Japan decreased from 33% in 1972 to 18% in 1995. During the same period, the rate of sexual assaults and violence also decreased significantly (Diamond, 2009). Studies done in China, Czech Republic, and the US show a decrease in rape as pornography became increasingly available (Voros, 2009). Conclusion Statistics reveals that the pornography industry annual income is approximately $57 billion in the world with the $12 billion in the US (Lewis, 2007). This indicates that the revenue is larger than all combined revenues of other professions. The investigations show further that the 4.2 million pornographic Web sites obtain 372 million hits on daily basis. The sites are said to be the cocaine crack in the internet. Research shows a wide range of negative consequences for pornographic viewers. Evidently, pornography degrades women and undermines the traditional moral values of the society. It is a threat to the families. Arguably, it encourages couples to enga ge in sexual activities outside the wedlock. Additionally, it creates more harm to children and erodes the moral fabric of the family and society at large. Pornography highly violates women’s personal rights. It is a form of sexual discrimination which hinders women’s opportunities for equality. Pornography involves intimate relationships and sexuality; it is very disruptive and destructive thing to the marriage secure attachments. It increases the level of marital infidelity rate to more than 30%. This erodes the warmth of the family affection. References Boyle, K. (2011). Producing abuse: Selling the harms of pornography. Women’s Studies International Forum, 34(1), 593-602. Diamond, M. (2009). Pornography, public acceptance and sex related crime: A review. International Journal of law and psychiatry, 32(1), 304-314. Lewis, A. (2007). Extent and Cause of the Problem. Retrieved from https://erlc.com/ Lottes, I. et al. (1993). Reactions to pornography on a colleg e campus. Sex Roles, 29(1), 1. Tarver, M. (2010). The effects of pornography addiction on Marital Consent. Studia Canonica, 44(2), 343-368. Twohig et al. (2009). Viewing internet pornography: For whom is it problematic, How and why? Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 16(1), 253-266. Voros, F. (2009). The invention of addiction to pornography. Sexologies, 18(1), 243-246. White, M., Kimball, T. (2009). Attributes of Christian couples with sexual Addiction to internet Pornography. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 28(4), 350-359. Young, K. (2008). Internet Sex Addiction: Risk factors, stages of development, and treatment. American Behavioral Scientist, 52(21), 1. doi:10.1177/0002764208321339.

A Step Up Speech For a 14 Year Old (Student Government) Essay

A Step Up Speech For a 14 Year Old (Student Government) - Essay Example But it never perturbed me because I had amazing mentors around me. They always guided me and encouraged me whenever I consulted them. With each passing year I am becoming more responsible and confident and this is due to the support of the teachers of my school. I will never forget the efforts and love of Ms. Miller and Mr. Neilson who have always been there whenever I needed them. They have always been appurtenance to me who give strength and bring out the best in me and improve my capabilities. Respected Sir and Madam I respect you and will always admire your efforts. Thank you for your love for all these years. My mother has always been hortative. It is due to her support and kindness that I have been able to come this far. Now that I am being promoted to the next and higher level, I am sure that whatever I have learned from the competent faculty I will utilize it effectively in the next four years. I hope by running for the post of President in high school I will be able to make all of you proud of

Comparison between a mythical story and a short story Essay

Comparison between a mythical story and a short story - Essay Example He challenges any knight to hit him once if he could return the blow with in a year. Gawain takes up the challenge. He chops off the head of the Green Knight, but the Green Knight picks up his head and rides away. Gawain has one year and one day to make it to the Green Chapel in order to fulfill his agreement. The trip was treacherous and far. Finally, he comes to a castle, where the Lord is Bertilak de Hautdesert. Gawain and Bertilak make a deal. Everything Gawain earns in a day he will exchange with Bertilak for everything he captured hunting. In three days, Gawain gains kisses and a girdle from Lady Bertilak. He gives Lord Bertilak the kisses, but keeps the girdle due to its magical powers. Gawain goes and meets the Green Knight. He only gets nicked on the neck due to the girdle. After the blow, the Green Knight reveals he is Lord Bertilak. The whole quest was set up by Arthur’s sister. Gawain felt that he failed in his mission for not keeping his word and keeping the girdl e. In â€Å"A Worn Path†, Phoenix starts out on a day’s journey. She is an lder black woman. Phoenix is described as small, frail, and almost blind. Her troubles are the wooded area that she is traveling. Thorn bushes grab her dress, but she patiently frees herself without ripping her dress. A scarecrow frightens her, but she keeps going.

Light pollution and diurnal motion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Light pollution and diurnal motion - Essay Example The spectral lines between them showed two separable stars. The third part a very distinctive star that I saw was the contact binaries star. This kind of stars appear when two stars are close in separation that it is possible for tidal forces to come into play as described by Schneider & Arny in ``Binary stars`` (Pg. 4). Stars are not solid bodies, but rather they are made of gases, such stars are very hard to count but I could count about 10 different tiny types of stars around this kind of star. Due to curiosity of learning I moved some distance away from civilization and identified the same three stars. I realized that from a different view the visual binary number reduced to 35 stars around it and the spectroscopic star became more visible that I could see the two different stars clearly with around 8 small stars surrounding them. The contact binary was still the same. There was no clear visualising to count more stars than before. I carried out different test in tracking the location of the stars from the North Star in different times of the day. I realised that the main source of star movement is light waves and like any waves when they are emitted they move out in all directions with its centre is maintained at the centre. When the star moves away from the North Star it is seen as the absorption of or emission lines in spectrum (Schneider & Arny, 2013). The shifts in these cases depend with a lot of factors but the major one from my perspective is the atmospheric chang e and the stars formation. The spectroscopic star shifted further from the North Star than all the other stars followed by the contact

Ancient Chinese Dynasties Essay Example for Free

Ancient Chinese Dynasties Essay There were many Chinese dynasties that rose and fell throughout China’s history. The history of China, in a way, is a history of battles and wars. These wars were so important that they changed the structure of Chinese culture both then and now. Three dynasties that rose and fell during ancient China were the Han, the Tang, and the Song. The rise and fall of these great dynasties form a link that runs through Chinese history. The Han period was one of the golden ages of Chinese civilization. The Han dynasty lasted from 206 B. C. to A. D. 220. It began when the prince of Han, Liu Bang, took the title Gao Zu and began to restore order and justice to his new empire. He lowered taxes and reduced the Qin emperor’s harsh Legalist policies. These policies created a strong basis for the Han dynasty. The most famous emperor, Wudi took China to a new level. During his reign from 141 BC to 87 BC, he strengthened both the government and economy. Economic expansion, strengthening the palace at the expense of the civil service, weakening the states hold on the peasantry and the rise of the rich and the gentry were all factors that led to the adoption of Confucian ideals. Han emperors made Confucianism the official belief system of the state. Under Wudi, China conquered many lands, expanding their power and influence. The Han Dynasty now controlled northern Vietnam and the Korean Peninsula. Wudi sent explorers toward Central Asia, eventually opening up the famous trade route known as the Silk Road. However, signs of decay began to appear throughout the dynasty which put an enormous burden on the economy. Weak emperors allowed canals and roads to fall into disrepair. Burdened by heavy taxes, and crushing debt, many peasants revolted. Thousands of rebellious peasants abandoned their villages and fled to the mountains. In AD 220 warlords overthrew the last Han emperor. After four hundred years of unity, China broke up into several kingdoms. The Han dynasty was over. After the Han dynasty collapsed, China remained divided for nearly four hundred years. It was not until the development of the Tang dynasty, in 618 that China was restored to its earlier glory. The tang was an imperial dynasty of China. Its territory was acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers and was greater than that of the Han period. Tang rulers carried empire building to new depths. Chinese armies forced the neighboring lands of Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea to become tributary states. It is estimated that the population had grown by the 9th century to about eighty million people. The Tang Dynasty was largely a period of progress and stability. They rebuilt the bureaucracy and enlarged the civil service system to recruit talented officials trained in Confucian technology. Chinese culture flourished and further developed during the Tang era. It is considered the greatest age for Chinese poetry. Tang emperors began to lose territories in Central Asia to the Arabs. Corruption, high taxes, drought and famine all contributed to the downfall of the Tang Dynasty. In 1907, a rebel general over through the last Tang emperor, which brought the dynasty to an end. The Song Dynasty lasted for more than three hundred years. It began in 960, when a educated general reunited most of China. The Song controlled less territory than the Tang dynasty did. The dynasty was constantly threatened by invaders in the north. Despite military obstacles, the culture brought rise to a new religion. Education expanded the growth of literature and the arts. Foreign trade flourished and Chinese cities prospered as centers of trade. Positions in government were no longer held by aristocrats and were instead given to people with experience and degrees. This made the government stronger and formed new concepts. Chinese wealth and culture lead East Asia even when its militaries did not. Most problems in this dynasty were due to military power. A combination of corrupt officials and weak emperors contributed to its downfall. China has a long and mysterious history of almost five thousand years. China can trace her culture back to a blend of small original tribes which have expanded until they became the great country we have today. Each rise and fall of a dynasty created new leaders, new laws, new rules, and usually new expansion. Chinese history is that of alternating periods of political unity and disunity. The rise and fall of many dynasties created a rocky path in Chinas history.